Jasmine (Jasminum sambac)

Jasmine (Jasminum sambac) 

Local Indian Name: Mogra, Mallika

Scientific Name: Jasminum sambac

Family: Oleaceae

Category and Subcategory: Evergreen Shrub, Ornamental Plant

Native Region: Eastern Himalayas, India

Introduction

Jasminum sambac, commonly known as Arabian Jasmine, is a highly fragrant flowering plant native to the eastern Himalayas in India. It holds significant cultural and religious importance in India and other parts of Asia, often used in traditional ceremonies, religious offerings, and as a natural perfume.

Importance & Benefits

• Cultural Significance: In India, Jasminum sambac is revered and used extensively in religious rituals, weddings, and festivals.

• Aromatic Uses: The flowers are prized for their intense fragrance, making them a popular choice for garlands, hair adornments, and essential oils.

• Medicinal Properties: Traditionally, various parts of the plant have been used in herbal medicine to treat ailments such as headaches, fevers, and skin diseases.

Description and Cultivation

This evergreen shrub can grow up to 0.5 to 3 meters in height. It features simple, ovate leaves that are smooth and glossy, measuring 4 to 12.5 cm in length and 2 to 7.5 cm in width. The plant produces clusters of sweetly scented, white flowers that bloom throughout the year, with peak flowering from March to June. The flowers open at night and close in the morning, releasing a strong, pleasant fragrance. Jasminum sambac thrives in tropical and subtropical climates and is well-suited for cultivation in various parts of India.

Varieties and Cultivars

Several cultivars of Jasminum sambac are popular in cultivation:

• ‘Maid of Orleans’: Features single-layered petals with a strong fragrance.

• ‘Belle of India’: Known for its elongated double petals and intense scent.

• ‘Grand Duke of Tuscany’: Produces double, rose-like blooms with a rich fragrance.

Location and Light

• Sunlight: Prefers full sun to partial shade. Adequate sunlight enhances flowering and fragrance.

• Placement: Ideal for gardens, patios, and as a potted plant. Ensure the location receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily.

Soil Preparation

• Type: Grows best in well-drained, sandy loam soils rich in organic matter.

• pH Level: Prefers slightly acidic to neutral soils with a pH range of 6.0 to 7.5.

Planting

• Timing: The optimal planting period is during the monsoon season (June to November) to take advantage of natural rainfall.

• Method: Prepare pits of 30 x 30 x 30 cm, filled with topsoil and well-rotted farmyard manure. Space plants approximately 1.25 meters apart to allow adequate growth.

Watering

• Frequency: Regular watering is essential, especially during dry periods. However, avoid waterlogging, as it can harm the plant.

• Method: Irrigate immediately after planting and continue with weekly watering, adjusting based on weather conditions.

Pruning

• Purpose: Pruning helps maintain the desired shape, encourages bushier growth, and promotes abundant flowering.

• Timing: Conduct pruning after the main flowering season, typically from July to September. Remove dead or diseased branches to maintain plant health.

Pest and Disease Management

• Common Pests: Aphids, mealybugs, and spider mites can affect the plant.

• Diseases: Root rot and leaf spot diseases may occur, especially in poorly drained soils.

• Control Measures: Regular monitoring and maintaining proper hygiene can prevent infestations. Use appropriate organic or chemical treatments as needed.

Environmental Conditions

• Temperature: Thrives in warm, humid climates with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 30°C.

• Humidity: High humidity levels are beneficial for optimal growth and flowering.

• Wind Resistance: Moderately tolerant to wind but should be protected from strong, desiccating winds.

Propagation

• Methods: Common propagation methods include layering and cuttings.

• Process: For cuttings, select healthy, semi-hardwood stems and plant them in coarse sand or a well-draining medium. Using rooting hormones can enhance success rates.

Uses

• Ornamental: Widely cultivated for its attractive and fragrant flowers, making it a popular choice for gardens and decorative purposes.

• Culinary: The flowers are used to flavor teas and desserts in various cultures.

• Aromatherapy: Essential oils extracted from the flowers are used in perfumes and aromatherapy for their soothing properties.

Monetary Benefits

• Economic Value: Jasminum sambac is commercially cultivated over approximately 12,000 hectares in India, generating significant revenue from the sale of fresh flowers and essential oils.

• Market Demand: The flowers are in high demand locally and internationally, especially in the perfumery and aromatherapy industries.

References

• ICAR-CCARI, Goa

• [KAU Agri-Infotech Portal](https://www.celkau.in/crops/Ornamental%20